Class A - This class is for very large networks, such as a major international company might have. IP addresses with a first octet from 1 to 126 are part of this class. The other three octets are used to identify each host. This means that there are 126 Class A networks each with 16,777,214 (224 -2) possible hosts for a total of 2,147,483,648 (231) unique IP addresses. Class A networks account for half of the total available IP addresses. In Class A networks, the high order bit value (the very first binary number) in the first octet is always 0.
| Network(n) | Host (h) |
| 115. | 24. 53. 107 |
Class A - 0nnnnnnn hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh
1 -> First bit zero (0) ; 7 network bits(n) ; 24 host bits(h)
2 -> Initial byte: 0 - 127
3 -> 126 Class As exist (0 and 127 are reserved)
4 - > 16,777,214 hosts on each Class A
Class B - Class B is used for medium-sized networks. A good example is a large
college campus. IP addresses with a first octet from 128 to 191 are part of this class. Class B addresses also include the second octet as part of the Net identifier. The other two octets are used to identify each host. This means that there are 16,384 (214) Class B networks each with 65,534 (216 -2) possible hosts for a total of 1,073,741,824 (230) unique IP addresses. Class B networks make up a quarter of the total available IP addresses. Class B networks have a first bit value of 1 and a second bit value of 0 in the first octet.
| Network(n) | Host (h) |
| 145.24. | 53.107 |
Class B - 10nnnnnn nnnnnnnn hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh
1 -> First two bits 10; 14 network bits; 16 host bits
2 -> Initial byte: 128 - 191
3 -> 16,384 Class Bs exist
4 -> 65,532 hosts on each Class B
Class C - Class C addresses are commonly used for small to mid-size businesses. IP
addresses with a first octet from 192 to 223 are part of this class. Class C addresses also include the second and third octets as part of the Net identifier. The last octet is used to identify each host. This means that there are 2,097,152 (221) Class C networks each with 254 (28 -2) possible hosts for a total of 536,870,912 (229) unique IP addresses. Class C networks make up an eighth of the total available IP addresses. Class C networks have a first bit value of 1, second bit value of 1 and a third bit value of 0 in the first octet.
| Network(n) | Host(h) |
| 195.24.53. | 107 |
Class C - 110 nnnnn nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn hhhhhhhh
1 ->First three bits 110 ; 21 network bits (n) ; 8 host bits(h)
2 ->Initial byte: 192 - 223
3 ->2,097,152 Class Cs exist
4 ->254 hosts on each Class C
Class D - Used for slightly different from the first three classes. It has a first bit value of 1, second bit value of 1, third bit value of 1 and fourth bit value of 0. The other 28 bits are used to identify the group of computers the multicast message is intended for. Class D accounts for 1/16th (268,435,456 or 228) of the available IP addresses.
| Network(n) | Host (m) |
| 224. | 24.53.107 |
Class D - 1110mmmm mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm
1 -> First four bits 1110; 28 multicast address bits(m)
2 -> Initial byte: 224 - 247
3 -> Class Ds are multicast addresses
______________________________________________________
Class E - Class E is used for experimental purposes only. Like Class D, it is different from the first three classes. It has a first bit value of 1, second bit value of 1, third bit value of 1 and fourth bit value of 1. The other 28 bits are used to identify the group of computers the multicast message is intended for. Class E accounts for 1/16th (268,435,456 or 228) of the available IP addresses.
| Network(n) | Host(r) |
| 240. | 24.53.107 |
Class E - 1111rrrr rrrrrrrr rrrrrrrr rrrrrrrr
1 -> First four bits 1111; 28 reserved address bits
2 -> Initial byte: 248 - 255
3 -> Reserved for experimental use
Broadcast - Messages that are intended for all computers on a network are sent as broadcasts. These messages always use the IP address 255.255.255.255.
Default Network - The IP address of 0.0.0.0 is used for the default network.
Loopback - The IP address 127.0.0.1 is used as the loopback address. This means that it is used by the host computer to send a message back to itself. It is commonly used for troubleshooting and network testing.
______________________________________________________
No comments:
Post a Comment